{"id":1990,"date":"2016-01-13T09:11:58","date_gmt":"2016-01-13T14:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pts.edu\/blog\/?p=1990"},"modified":"2021-01-29T15:22:28","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T20:22:28","slug":"dream-is-freedom-christian-diversity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pts.edu\/blog\/dream-is-freedom-christian-diversity\/","title":{"rendered":"Dream Is Freedom: Pauli Murray &#038; American Democratic Faith"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Earlier this academic year, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary\u2019s American Religious Biography class studied biographical accounts of seven women and men whose lives spanned the centuries from the colonial era through the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. After digging deeply into the historical accounts of those Christian figures, students reflected on what insight each narrative might have for modern Christians, asking What we can learn from the past to inform modern lives of faith? The blog below is the second in a four-part series of reflections by students in this course taught by the Rev. Dr. Heather Vacek. Read the first reflection\u2014<\/em><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pts.edu\/blog\/redeemer-the-life-of-jimmy-carter\/\">Redeemer: The Life of Jimmy Carter<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>How do Christians affirm and encourage the dignity and humanity of someone they do not understand or agree with? In diverse and divisive times, what happens when we do not want to recognize the humanity of others, because their self-identity threatens ours?<\/p>\n<p>Sarah Azaransky\u2019s <em>The Dream Is Freedom: Pauli Murray and American Democratic Faith <\/em>described the mid-20<sup>th<\/sup> century lawyer, activist, and priest who undertook the quest of understanding the entanglement of American race relations rightly, in order to show that the races were responsible for reconciliation with each other. Pauli Murray\u2019s \u201cdemocratic eschatology\u201d confronted the democracy promised by America as \u201cpartially present,\u201d yet faithfully anticipated it as \u201cyet to come\u201d (5). Instead of shying away from the meaning of race, or manipulating the finer distinctions that sexuality, gender, and politics bring to the discussion, Murray tried to come to terms with them, asserting that \u201cmeaning is produced at the intersection of identities\u201d (117). Azaransky depicted Pauli Murray as a \u201cprimary democratic subject\u201d and not just as a problem to be solved (69).<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 1 showed how Murray wrote the poems <em>Color Trouble<\/em> and <em>Mulatto\u2019s Dilemma <\/em>as she came to terms with her racial, gender, and sexual identity that contradicted secular definitions. Murray initially insisted on recognizing these contradictions not as things to be glossed over, and she grew to call them \u201cprecursors to reconciliation\u201d (118).<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 2 showed how Murray wrote <em>Proud Shoes <\/em>to interpret her multiracial family experience not as a problem in American history, but as its true expression. Murray used the narrative of Abraham sending Hagar and Ishmael into the desert to characterize the experience of African-American women \u201cstanding utterly alone, in the midst of serious trouble, with only God\u2019s support to rely on\u201d (49). She labeled the entangled American story as \u201cIshmaelite,\u201d especially as she struggled with her grandmother\u2019s deep respect for the family\u2019s slave-holders. Murray concluded, \u201cI had to embrace <em>all<\/em> the tangled roots from which I had sprung, and to accept without evasion my own slave heritage, with all its ambivalences and paradoxes\u201d (47). In <em>Dark Testament<\/em>, Murray confronted the \u201cofficial\u201d narrative of the inclusive, assimilative America with the wearying, but accurate counter-narrative of exclusion and individual experience. Azaransky wrote, \u201cMurray argues that history will always exceed the telling; this means that the particular narrative we have chosen as normative at any particular moment has important democratic implications\u201d (50). When \u201cthe other\u2019s\u201d experience threatens the accuracy of the official story, Pauli Murray challenges us to not to reject that distinction as insignificant.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 3 showed how Murray\u2019s biblically-informed vision rendered American\u2019s democratic promises in a \u201cprocess of becoming,\u201d rather than actual reality (71). Murray stood outside of the prevailing narratives of race relations of her time, and made Americans responsible for fulfilling racial reconciliation. Her eschatology challenged white institutions committed to the official narrative (73). Her vision also challenged black power and feminist movements committed to counter-narratives (31). When Murray tried to relocate to Ghana, she found that her belief challenged African skepticism toward American democracy (53). In these ways, Pauli Murray uniquely inserted herself into history, as she used biblical narratives to evaluate established definitions of race, gender, and politics.<\/p>\n<p>The last chapters described Pauli Murray as the first African-American female Episcopalian priest. She reminded her congregation that the oppressed, forgotten, and discarded are actually crucial to the Christian story. In her sermon,<em> Mary Has Chosen the Best Part, <\/em>she interprets the different responses of Mary and Martha to Jesus in Lk 10:38-42<em>. <\/em>Murray said, \u201cwe can see Mary as an unusual woman, one who was unwilling to accept the role defined for her and was drawn to Jesus of Nazareth, because he treated her like a person with an intellect and a quest of knowledge for God\u201d (103). Pauli Murray provides us with a Christian reminder to not just see \u201cthe other,\u201d as a problem to be solved. Instead, she taught us that we can recognize their humanity in their counter-narrative, do our best to heal the hurts caused by their historic exclusion, and keep the path to Christ open, when someone else closed the door on their identity.<\/p>\n<p>All Citations taken from: Azaransky, Sarah. <em>The Dream Is Freedom: Pauli Murray and American Democratic Faith<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n<p><em>The full reading list for the Fall 2015 American Religious Biography course included: Catherine Brekus, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.yalebooks.com\/book.asp?isbn=9780300182903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarah Osborn\u2019s World: The Rise of Evangelical Christianity in Early America<\/a><em> (2013), John Wigger, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195387803.001.0001\/acprof-9780195387803\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Saint: Francis Asbury and the Methodists<\/a><em> (2009), Jon Sensbach, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/catalog.php?isbn=9780674022577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca\u2019s Revival: Creating Black Christianity in the Atlantic World<\/a><em> (2005), Richard S. Newman, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/9780814758571\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freedom\u2019s Prophet: Bishop Richard Allen, the AME Church, and the Black Founding Fathers<\/a><em> (2008), Matthew Avery Sutton, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/catalog.php?isbn=9780674032538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America<\/a><em> (2007), Sarah Azaransky, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/the-dream-is-freedom-9780199744817?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Dream is Freedom: Pauli Murray and Democratic American Faith<\/a><em> (2011), Randall Balmer, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.randallbalmer.com\/#!books\/cnec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Redeemer: The Life of Jimmy Carter<\/a><em> (2014). In addition, readers interested in the role of history in the life of faith might enjoy: Margaret Bendroth<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eerdmans.com\/Products\/6897\/the-spiritual-practice-of-remembering.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Spiritual Practice of Remembering<\/a><em> (2013).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Gregory Jones Jr. is a junior master of arts student at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier this academic year, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary\u2019s American Religious Biography class studied biographical accounts of seven women and men whose lives spanned the centuries from the colonial era through the 20th century. After digging deeply into the historical accounts of those Christian figures, students reflected on what insight each narrative might have for modern Christians,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7],"tags":[206,204,205,203],"series":[],"class_list":["post-1990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-theological-reflection","tag-christians-and-diversity","tag-pauli-murray","tag-sarah-azaransky","tag-the-dream-is-freedom"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\r\n<title>Dream Is Freedom: Pauli Murray &amp; American Democratic Faith - Pittsburgh Theological Seminary<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How do Christians affirm and encourage the dignity and humanity of someone they do not understand or agree with? 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